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November 26, 2011

FBI DNA, Pa

DNA strand
 

The FBI and DNA
Part 1: Maintaining the Nationwide System that Helps Solve Crimes

11/23/11

The use of DNA—which carries individuals’ unique genetic information—to help solve crimes has become such a fundamental tool for law enforcement that it’s hard to believe this technique of matching unknown profiles to known offenders is a fairly recent phenomenon.

The FBI launched the National DNA Index System (NDIS) in 1998—along with the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) software to manage the program—and since that time it has become the world’s largest repository of known offender DNA records. Last year, in partnership with local, state, and federal crime laboratories and law enforcement agencies, CODIS aided nearly 25,000 criminal investigations.

CODIS seal
Obtaining a DNA Profile

Some of the more typical items received by laboratories that may contain DNA include drinking glasses, chewing gum, envelopes, and blood. Technicians swab the material to obtain a DNA sample.

Regarding blood, said Douglas Hares, NDIS custodian, “If it’s visible, if you can see a very small dot of blood, we are probably able to develop a DNA profile from it.”

DNA can also be obtained from a hat headband, for example, or the trigger of a gun. “As long as there are cells from the skin, it’s possible to get DNA,” Hares said. “It all depends on the environmental conditions the sample has been exposed to. We have had good success with evidence in cases over 30 years old where we were able to obtain a full DNA profile.”

FBI.gov recently sat down with Douglas Hares, a Ph.D. scientist at the FBI Laboratory who is the custodian of the National DNA Database.

Q: How did the Bureau come to play such a key role in using DNA to help solve crimes?

Hares: DNA technology was first introduced in criminal court cases around 1988. When the FBI saw the potential for exchanging and comparing DNA profiles to help solve crimes—crimes that might not be solved in any other way—the concept of a national program was born. In 1994, Congress passed the DNA Identification Act, which gave the FBI authority to establish a national database. During the next few years, the FBI developed, tested, and implemented the CODIS software as well as training support for states authorized to collect DNA samples from offenders. In 1998, we started NDIS with nine participating states. Now, all 50 states participate, and NDIS currently contains over 10 million DNA profiles.

Q: What is a DNA profile?

Hares: A DNA profile, or type, is just a series of numbers. These numbers are assigned to an individual based on specific identification markers on his or her DNA molecule. In CODIS, those numbers represent a person’s one-of-a-kind DNA profile.

Q: How does CODIS use those profiles to solve crimes?

Hares: A forensic laboratory receives evidence in a criminal investigation and is asked to perform DNA testing on that evidence. The evidence may be part of a rape case or a homicide. Or maybe there is a murder weapon that contains DNA. The DNA profile obtained from the crime scene evidence is called a forensic unknown. The laboratory doesn’t know whose profile it is, but they know it is associated with the crime. The laboratory enters that profile into CODIS. If it’s a local case, the profile is entered into the local CODIS system and uploaded to the state level. At the state level, the profile will be compared with all the offenders from that state’s database. The forensic unknown may or may not match with other DNA records at the state level. On a weekly basis, the state uploads its DNA records to NDIS, the national level. We search the profile against all 50 states’ offender profiles to see if there is a match; if there is, the CODIS software automatically returns messages in the system to the laboratories involved. The local labs evaluate the matches and release that information to the law enforcement agency. That is how a previously unknown DNA profile is associated with a known offender.

Q: Who has access to CODIS?

Hares: By federal law, access is generally limited to criminal justice agencies for law enforcement identification purposes. That federal law also authorizes access for criminal defense purposes, to a defendant in connection with his or her case. CODIS was designed to ensure the confidentiality of the DNA record. No personal identifiers, such as name, social security number, or date of birth are stored in CODIS.

Next: High-profile cases, cold cases, and more.

Resource:
- More about CODIS

via fbi.gov

The FBI and DNA Part 1: Maintaining the Nationwide System that Helps Solve Crimes 11/23/11 The use of DNA—which carries individuals’ unique genetic information—to help solve crimes has become such a fundamental tool for law enforcement that it’s hard to believe this technique of matching unknown pro ...»See Ya
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FBI HoliTips

Holiday Shopping Tips

cyber scamsIn advance of the holiday season, the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center reminds shoppers to beware of cyber criminals and their aggressive and creative ways to steal money and personal information.

Scammers use many techniques to fool potential victims including fraudulent auction sales, reshipping merchandise purchased with a stolen credit card, sale of fraudulent or stolen gift cards through auction sites at discounted prices, and phishing e-mails advertising brand name merchandise for bargain prices or e-mails promoting the sale of merchandise that ends up being a counterfeit product.

Here are some tips you can use to avoid becoming a victim of cyber fraud:

  • Do not respond to unsolicited (spam) e-mail.
  • Do not click on links contained within an unsolicited e-mail.
  • Be cautious of e-mail claiming to contain pictures in attached files, as the files may contain viruses. Only open attachments from known senders. Always run a virus scan on attachment before opening.
  • Avoid filling out forms contained in e-mail messages that ask for personal information.
  • Always compare the link in the e-mail to the web address link you are directed to and determine if they match.
  • Log on directly to the official Web site for the business identified in the e-mail, instead of “linking” to it from an unsolicited e-mail. If the e-mail appears to be from your bank, credit card issuer, or other company you deal with frequently, your statements or official correspondence from the business will provide the proper contact information.
  • Contact the actual business that supposedly sent the e-mail to verify that the e-mail is genuine.
  • If you are requested to act quickly or there is an emergency, it may be a scam. Fraudsters create a sense of urgency to get you to act impulsively.
via fbi.gov

Holiday Shopping Tips In advance of the holiday season, the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center reminds shoppers to beware of cyber criminals and their aggressive and creative ways to steal money and personal information. Scammers use many techniques to fool potential victims including fraudulent ...»See Ya
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News for Kegel Addicts

  1. News for Kegel AddictsNov 23, 2011


    1. Today in Pictures: Nov. 23, 2011
      ABC News (blog) - 2 days ago
      A lady walks up the steps to her home in a housing estate built for refugees from the Greek-Turkish war of 1919-22 in Nikaia, southern Athens, ...

  2. It's All Politics, Nov. 23, 2011 : NPR

    www.npr.org › ... › 'It's All Politics': NPR's Weekly News Roundup
    1 day ago – Newt Gingrich shows his expertise in facts and details at the GOP foreign policy debate but will his comment on immigration make him the latest ...

  3. Around The Jazz Internet: Nov. 23, 2011 : A Blog Supreme : NPR

    www.npr.org/blogs/.../2011/.../23/.../around-the-jazz-internet-nov-23...
    2 days ago – A roundup of salutes to Paul Motian, plus the return of Rhoda Scott and Geri Allen goes Christmas.

  4. Daily Filter: November 23, 2011 - Shacknews.com - Video Game ...

    www.shacknews.com/article/71249/daily-filter-november-23-2011
    2 days ago – Today's Filter features a factional intelligence debriefing for PlanetSide 2, new screenshots for Uncharted: Golden Abyss, and much more!

Vice

  1. Morning Briefing: November 23, 2011 | ThinkProgress

    thinkprogress.org/.../2011/11/23/.../morning-briefing-november-23-...
    2 days ago – A new Congressional Budget Office analysis estimates that the stimulus package created up to 2.4 million jobs through the third quarter of 2011 ...

  2. Market Report - Nov. 23, 2011 - CNNMoney

    money.cnn.com/2011/11/23/markets/markets_newyork/index.htm
    2 days ago – U.S. stocks take cues from Asian markets Wednesday, after a preliminary report showed that Chinese manufacturing slowed sharply and amid ...

  3. Groupon plunges below IPO price - Nov. 23, 2011

    money.cnn.com/2011/11/23/technology/groupon_stock.../index.htm
    2 days ago – Groupon's stock sank below its $20 offering price, signaling that the Internet IPO craze might be a bit overdone.

  4. MediaShift . Daily Must-Reads, Nov. 23, 2011 | PBS

    www.pbs.org/.../2011/11/daily-must-reads-nov-23-2011327.html
    2 days ago – Daily Must-Reads, Nov. 23, 2011. The best stories across the web on media and technology. 1. How SOPA would affect you - FAQ (CNET ...

  5. Health Highlights: Nov. 23, 2011 - Yahoo! News

    news.yahoo.com/health-highlights-nov-23-2011-170206693.html
    2 days ago – From Yahoo! News: Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by the editors of HealthDay:

  6. Ford eNews - Nov. 23, 2011 - PR Newswire

    www.prnewswire.com/.../ford-enews---nov-23-2011-134407573.ht...
    2 days ago – DEARBORN, Mich., Nov. 23, 2011 /PRNewswire/ --. Ford and Newman's Own team up to deliver to those in need. For the 11th consecutive ...

  7. Movies Released on November 23, 2011

    www.movieinsider.com/movies/november/2011/23/
    Nov 18, 2011 – Movies Released on November 23, 2011: A Dangerous Method • Arthur Christmas • Hugo • My Week With Marilyn • Rampart • The Muppets.

Cordell_Jackson_The_Split_.mp4 Watch on Posterous

News for Kegel Addicts Nov 23, 2011 Today in Pictures: Nov . 23 , 2011 ABC News (blog) - 2 days ago A lady walks up the steps to her home in a housing estate built for refugees from the Greek-Turkish war of 1919-22 in Nikaia, southern Athens, ... It's All Politics, Nov. 23, 2011 : NPR www.npr.org › ...»See Ya
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November 25, 2011

BOUTTE FUCKING WEATHER

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ativan and jamesons wtf??????

althgouh i am barely conscious. bp 210 over 110 with resting pulse @130, i thought i'd post the greatest song ever writtn b efore i leave town. p.s. anyone ever tke ativan and jamesons wtf??????

althgouh i am barely conscious. bp 210 over 110 with resting pulse @130, i thought i'd post the greatest song ever writtn b efore i leave town. p.s. anyone ever tke ativan and jamesons wtf?????? ...»See Ya
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November 24, 2011

You 'Like' Facebook Thanksgiving Uncle who used to love me but she liked Jerry Lee more and died after eating fried turkey adderall stuffing and moving in remote girlfriend pot county cabin

You 'Like' Facebook  Thanksgiving Uncle who used to love me but she liked Jerry Lee more and died after eating fried turkey adderall stuffing and moving in remote girlfriend pot county cabin uncle used to love me (r. miller) b/w i like it like that (jerry lee lewis) --After fried turkey adderall and ...»See Ya
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