In 2001, the South African company Maxinsidan Sports Inc. Began mass production of plastic made generous vroom La [14] Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag President of FIFA Sepp Blatter opposed banning the vuvuzela, saying "We should not try to Europeanise an African World Cup."[15] FIFA ultimately decided to allow the instrument for the 2010 World Cup as well,[16] except for vuvuzelas longer than one metre.[17]
Some football commentators, players, and international audiences argued against the vuvuzela during the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. During the match between United States and Italy, BBC Sport commentator Lee Dixon referred to the sounds as "quite irritating".[未記出處或冇根據]
2 2010年世界盃足球賽 [edit]
During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Hyundai and a local South African advertising agency called Jupiter Drawing Room created the largest working vuvuzela in the world—Template:Convert long—on an unfinished flyover road in Cape Town.[18] The vuvuzela is powered by several air horns attached at the "mouthpiece" end, and it will be blown at the beginning of each of the World Cup matches.
2.1 爭議 [edit]
2.1.1 帶畀比賽嘅困擾 [edit]
係FIFA收到好多嚟自歐洲電視傳媒集團嘅投訴之後，呢啲集團希望嗚嗚聲喇被禁止，因為嗚嗚聲喇嘅聲襟咗評論員把聲。響比賽之前，荷蘭國家足球隊教 練 Bert van Marwijk同西班牙國家足球隊中鋒沙比阿朗素亦都呼籲，後者話，嗚嗚聲喇嘅聲令到球員好難溝通同集中注意力，而且咁樣對氣氛冇太大嘅提升。 "Dutch coach joins chorus to ban vuvuzela", June 20, 2009.</ref>[19] 2010年6月13日，BBC播咗南非主席Danny Jordaan響 比賽中對嗚嗚聲喇嘅禁止嘅考慮。 [20]
Jordaan noted that "if there are grounds to do so, yes [they will be gotten rid of]" and that "if any land on the pitch in anger we will take action."[20]
During the event many competitors have criticised and complained about the noise caused by the vuvuzela horns, including France's Patrice Evra who blamed the horns for the team's poor performance.[20] He also claimed that the sound of the vuvuzelas away from the stadiums hampered the ability of the players to get their rest.[21] Other critics include Lionel Messi who complained that the sound of the vuvuzelas hampered communication among players on the pitch,[22] and broadcasting companies, who complained that commentators' voices were being drowned out by the sound.[21] Portugal's Cristiano Ronaldo went on record to state that the sound of the vuvuzelas disturbed the teams' concentration.[23]
Others watching on television have complained that the ambient audio feed from the stadium only contains the sounds of the vuvuzelas and the natural sounds of people in the stands are drowned out.[24] A spokesperson for the ESPN network said it was taking steps to minimize the noise of the vuvuzelas on its broadcasts.[25] There are some that see their use during the performance of the national anthems as disrespectful.[26][27] Other critics have also noted that it is seen as disrespectful to be "dismissive of the cultures of the guest team supporters".[28]
During the opening ceremony the announcer had to ask fans using vuvuzelas to be quiet as he could not be heard.[29]
Television viewers in UK are being offered 45 minute mp3 download clips to cancel out the noise of the vuvuzelas during broadcast television matches by means of "active noise control".[30]
2.1.2 對嗚嗚聲喇嘅支持 [edit]
However other commentators have defended the vuvuzela as being an integral and unique part of South African football culture and say it adds to the atmosphere of the game.[31][32] BBC sports commentator Farayi Mungazi said the sound of the horn was the "recognised sound of football in South Africa" and is "absolutely essential for an authentic South African footballing experience". He also said there was no point in taking the world cup to Africa and then "trying to give it a European feel".[33] The Daily Telegraph's chief sports reporter Paul Kelso described critics of the vuvuzela as "killjoys" and said they should "stop moaning".[34]
In response to the criticism, President of FIFA Sepp Blatter commented, "I have always said that Africa has a different rhythm, a different sound. I don't see banning the music traditions of fans in their own country. Would you want to see a ban on the fan traditions in your country?"[35]
2.1.3 響足球比賽以外嘅使用 [edit]
Vuvuzelas also began to be blown at other locations, leading to a ban by some shopping centres.[36] Some World Cup football players complained that they were being awoken in their hotel rooms by the instruments.[37] Demand for earplugs to protect from hearing loss during the World Cup[38] outstripped supply, with many pharmacies running out of stock. Neil van Schalkwyk, manufacturer of the plastic vuvuzela, began selling earplugs to fans.[39]
3 參考 [edit]
- ↑ V is for Vuvuzela。 FIFA。 喺September 9, 2008揾到。
- ↑ "Blasts of joy as vuvuzelas unbanned", July 13, 2008.
- ↑ "World Cup horn risks permanent damage to hearing: study", June 8, 2010.
- ↑ "Are vuvuzelas a safety risk?", May 27, 2010.
- ↑ "Study: Vuvuzela could spread colds and flu", June 10, 2010.
- ↑ "SPCA worried by vuvuzelas", June 10, 2010.
- ↑ "The World Cup noise that annoys", June 4, 2010.
- ↑ "World Cup ready to open in South Africa and vuvuzelas will make plenty of noise", June 6, 2010.
- ↑ "Nothing kills the joy of soccer like a bunch of wailing vuvuzelas", May 30, 2010.
- ↑ "The happy chaos of Soccer City", June 11, 2010.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 New vuvuzelas turn down volume。 Sport24 (2010-06-14)。
- ↑ Hall, Swanepoel (April 2010)。 Football match spectator sound exposure and effect on hearing: A pretest-post-test study。 SAMJ: South African Medical Journal。
- ↑ {{cite web | url = http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-01-08-vuvuzela-creator-blown-off | title = Vuvuzela Creator Blown Off | first = Phathisani | last = Moyo | publisher = Mail & Guardian |date = January 8, 2010|
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedsouthafricainfo - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedESPN_Soccernet
Vuvuzela creator blown off?
PHATHISANI MOYO | JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA - Jan 08 2010 12:46
It used to be visible only at football matches, but the metre-long horn known as the vuvuzela has grown in popularity beyond South Africa, thanks to the World Cup finals set to kick off here in June. But just who is cashing in on the South African-turned-global phenomenon?
Popular Kaizer Chiefs supporter Freddie “Saddam” Maake, who claims to have created the instrument, is an angry man and feels sidelined from the lucrative spin-offs of his “hard work”. The Mail & Guardian caught up with the colourful 53-year-old football fan at his home in Tembisa this week. He vows the rights of the vuvuzela belong to him and went on to put up a convincing argument for why he should receive royalties from all the companies that produce the horn. Finding Maake’s house is not difficult, even in the crowded suburb of Tembisa. It is the one with a giant Kaizer Chiefs flag at the gate. Resplendent in the gold and black colours of his beloved club, Saddam welcomed the M&G team into his home. The lounge resembles a football museum, dominated by Amakhosi artefacts, which include more than 200 helmets, known as amakaraba, all types of vuvuzelas, flags, scarves, posters and pictures. Even his giant flat-screen television beamed the 1988 Bob Save final between Orlando Pirates and Chiefs. There was no time to admire his fine collection as he quickly pulled out a folder that explains his long relationship with the controversial instrument. “They may steal my idea [the vuvuzela], but Saddam Maake is a football brand,” he says as he lays out dozens of photographs on a coffee table covered with a Kaizer Chiefs tablecloth. He points at the first picture taken in the 1970s, of him holding a long aluminium vuvuzela. “This is the father of all the vuvuzelas you see today.” Maake says the instrument was banned from the stadium as authorities ruled that it was a dangerous weapon. He admits to having used it once or twice in scuffles with rival fans and feels the ban was justified. The common denominator in all the pictures on the table that trace his journey from Kaiser Chiefs matches in the 1970s and 1980s to South Africa’s readmission to international football with the
4-1 loss to Zimbabwe in 1992, as well as to the 1996 (South Africa) and 1998 (Burkina Faso) Africa Cup of Nations, is that he is the only supporter holding a vuvuzela. He moves to his most prized photograph, taken at the 1998 World Cup finals in France after he was funded by Coca-Cola to travel with Bafana Bafana as they made their debut appearance at the global extravaganza. “As you can see, the French were amused by my invention and surrounded me everywhere I went.” There are many other pictures, including one of him teaching Orlando Pirates’ number-one supporter, Mzion Mofokeng, how to blow the horn. All tell of a man with a long history with the instrument. “This is my invention and it saddens me that other people are benefiting from all the suffering I have endured in popularising the vuvuzela. I was locked up for 20 minutes at the airport when I insisted on flying to Zimbabwe with my vuvuzela in 1992. I was determined to blow it as I boarded the plane, because it was the first time I flew.” He says the pictures may only show him with a vuvuzela as late as the 1970s, but Maake claims to have made his first horn in 1965. “I started with an old bicycle horn that used to have a black rubber. I removed the rubber and blew it with my mouth.” He pulls the old horn out of his bag to collaborate his story. Maake says he tried hard to find a manufacturer for the perfect vuvuzela. In 1989, after his aluminium piece was banned, he met Peter Rice, who owned a plastic-manufacturing company. “Peter helped me a lot because he agreed to make a plastic version, but it was still too short for my liking.” He joined a pipe to make it longer. In 1999 he chose to market “his invention” with a 10-track album named Vuvuzela Cellular, which features the horn prominently in most of the songs. Maake’s anger about his loss in earnings is directed at Neil van Schalkwyk, the co-owner of Masincedane Sport in Cape Town. He accuses the 36-year-old businessman of “short changing” him after an earlier undertaking to share the proceeds. “He is making a killing out of my hard work while I starve,” says Maake. Masincedane has gone into partnership with a German company to produce the vuvuzela ahead of the 2010 World Cup. “Journalists from as far as England and Mexico have visited me here and say that I should be rich, but look at me.” The father of nine still lives in a rented house in Tembisa and survives mostly by selling his 1999 CD at football matches. “The most I have received from Neil is R2 500 back in 2004 and he tells me that there is no money whenever I contact him.” Maake says, as a poor man, the government and legal system have let him down. “All the lawyers that I have approached abandon me after they meet Van Schalkwyk.” But Van Schalkwyk told the UK Guardian that he had not made any promises to Maake. “No agreements were made in terms of him getting a royalty for every vuvuzela ever produced. That was never on the cards.” Masincedane Sport also claims to have developed the vuvuzela itself after it came across a tin version. Van Schalkwyk said Maake was the least of his worries. He had invested his house and life savings in the vuvuzela business. “There is a misconception that the vuvuzelas on the streets are all from my company. I can tell you now that they are being produced en masse in Asia and we are not being protected from these predators. Even local companies employ agencies to source branded vuvuzelas on their behalf, who, in turn, run to the Asian market,” he said. The question of who owns the rights to the vuvuzela appears destined to remain unanswered until well after the World Cup -- when it will be irrelevant.
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