Vuvuzela: SA football's beautiful noise
What's plastic, a metre long, brightly coloured and sounds like an elephant? It's the vuvuzela, the noise-making trumpet of South African football fans, and it's come to symbolise the sport in the country.
It's an instrument, but not always a musical one. Describing the atmosphere in a stadium packed with thousands of fans blowing their vuvuzelas is difficult. Up close it's an elephant, sure, but en masse the sound is more like a massive swarm of very angry bees.
And when there's action near the goal mouth, those bees go really crazy.
To get that sound out requires lip flexibility and lung strength - in short, a fair amount of technique. So be sure to get in some practice before attending a South African football match, or you the sound you produce may cause some amusement in the seats around you!
Vuvuzela supplier Boogieblast offers this advice: "Put your lips inside the mouthpiece and almost make a 'farting' sound. Relax your cheeks and let your lips vibrate inside the mouthpiece. As soon as you get that trumpeting sound, blow harder until you reach a ridiculously loud 'boogying blast'.
Descendant of the kudu horn?
The ancestor of the vuvuzela is said to be the kudu horn - ixilongo in isiXhosa, mhalamhala in Tshivenda - blown to summon African villagers to meetings. Later versions were made of tin.
The trumpet became so popular at football matches in the late 1990s that a company, Masincedane Sport, was formed in 2001 to mass-produce it. Made of plastic, they come in a variety of colours - black or white for fans of Orlando Pirates, yellow for Kaizer Chiefs, and so on - with little drawings on the side warning against blowing in the ear!
There's uncertainty on the origin of the word "vuvuzela". Some say it comes from the isiZulu for - wait for it - "making noise". Others say it's from township slang related to the word "shower", because it "showers people with music" - or, more prosaically, looks a little like a shower head.
The announcement, on 15 May 2004, that South Africa would host the 2010 Fifa World Cup gave the vuvuzela a huge boost, to say the least - some 20000 were sold on the day by enterprising street vendors.
It's a noisy thing, so there's no surprise some don't like it. Journalist Jon Qwelane once quipped that he had taken to watching football matches at home - with the volume turned low - because of what he described as "an instrument of hell".
World Cup of memories
Brad Morgan
9 June 2010
Every football World Cup produces its heroes and (sometimes) villains. The likes of Pele, Maradona, Beckenbauer and Eus�bio are remembered for good reason � but there are countless other players, incidents and images that a World Cup brings to mind.
Argentina, 1978
I am 40, and my first memory of the World Cup came 31 years ago, at the age of nine, before I saw many retrospective World Cup programmes on television. It was of the 1978 final between Argentina and the Netherlands at the Estadio Monumental in Buenos Aires.
The moment I recall came in extra time, when Mario Kempes scored Argentina's second goal in what was eventually a 3-1 victory. Picking up a pass outside the area, he dribbled past two Dutch defenders, through a sea of paper and confetti that littered the ground, and shot.
His effort was blocked by the goalkeeper, but Kempes picked up the rebound and put his country in front.