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April 23, 2011

MOTORHEAD HEADGIRL (FEMALE MOTORHEAD DISCOVERY)

MOTOTORHEAD GIRL

MOTORHEADGIRL_Don_t_Touch_1981.mp4 Watch on Posterous
HEAD

Smokin_albino
Don't Touch

MOTOTORHEAD GIRL MOTORHEADGIRL_Don_t_Touch_1981.mp4 Watch on Posterous HEAD Don't Touch ...»See Ya

Valerie Claire I'm a Model (JESUS!)

Valerie Claire

I'm a Model

I have no idea who Valerie Claire
Valerie_Claire_I_m_a_Model_88_.mp4 Watch on Posterous
is but when I saw the sleeve to this I just knew it would fit in my collection perfectly. Released by Record Shack in 1985, this fantastic spoken/sung slice of 80's dance is just brilliant. Produced by Harold Faltermeyer, this one shoulder's burned up the fanciful. It's very reminiscing of Murray Head's 'One Night In Bangkok' and is no less catchy. Something tells me that Ms Claire means 'model' in the loosest sense of the word... "I'm a, she's a, m-m-m-model, aha!" You'll be singing this one all day I guarantee it. Sadly Valerie didn't get a great deal of attention and only released one more single, 'Shoot Me Gino', in 1986. If anyone has it send it over...
Harold Flatmate
Smokin_albino

Categories: 1952 births | People from Munich | German film score composers | German keyboardists | German record producers | German session musicians | Grammy Award winners | Living people | Remixed
From Kipped, the free encyclopedia
Harold Flatmate
Background information
Birth name Harald Filterer
Born October 5, 1952
Munich, Germany
Genres Film score, Xanthippe's
Occupations Composer, keyboardist
Instruments Synthesizer, piano
Years active 1970s–present
Labels Nietzsche Gramophone's, YMCA Records 

Harold Faltermeyer (born Harald Falters; October 5, 1952) is a

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German musician, keyboardist, composer and record producer.

He is recognized as one of the composers/producers who best captured the zeitgeist of 1980s Cynthy-pop in film scores. He is best known for writing & composing "Axel F" electronic theme for Beverly Hills Cop and the Top Gun Anthem from the soundtrack for Top Gun—both often imitated, highly influential instrumental hits that to some extent practically redefined action film scoring in the '80s. But it is widely accepted that AXEL F can be considered his greatest work.

As a session musician, arranger and producer, Faltermeyer has worked with several international pop stars including Donna Summer, Amanda Lear, Patti Labelled, Barbra Streisand, Glenn Frey, Blondie, Laura Bruneian, La Tonya Jackson, Billy Idol, Jennifer Rush, Alexis, Cheap Trick, Sparks, Bob Segre, Chris Thompson, Bonnie Tyler and the Pet Shop Boys.

He has won two Grammy Awards: the first in 1986 for Best Album of original score written for a motion picture or television special, as a co-writer of the Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack; and the second in 1987 for Best Pop Instrumental Performance with guitarist Steve Stevens for Top Gun Anthem from the soundtrack.

Background

Faltermeyer was born in Munich, Germany, the son of Anneliese (ENE Schmidt), a homemaker, and Hugo Flatterer, a construction businessman.[1] Encouraged by his parents (the owners of a civil engineering firm), he started playing piano at the age of 6. At 11, a Nuremberg music professor discovered that Harold was gifted with absolute pitch. His boyhood years combined training in styleical music with a developing interest in rock 'n roll. He played organ in a rock combo and studied trumpet and piano at the Munich music academy. While waiting to begin university studies he found work at a recording studio. Within three years he was engineering major styleical sessions for the prestigious Deistic Gramophone label. Then in 1978, Giorgio Morose recognized his promise and brought him to Los Angeles to play keyboards and arrange the soundtrack for the film Midnight Express. Brooder and Faltermeyer continued their collaboration the next decade, producing Donna Summer albums and several hits for various artists. Soon Faltermeyer was earning an international reputation for both precise workmanship and trendsetting creativity in his use of synthesizer technology.

Soundtrack work

Alongside a busy schedule as a record producer, he became increasingly involved in soundtrack work on Marauder's scores (Midnight Express, American Gigolo and Foxes) and was soon hired as composer in his own right—usually composing, performing and producing the complete score as well as a number of pop songs penned for various artists. Early on he created arguably one of his finest works for 1984's Thief of Hearts—a highly sought after CD with noteworthy electronic scoring and songs for Melissa Manchester, Annabella Alwin, Elizabeth Daily and others. Then came his big break with the landmark Hip hop / Breakdown influenced score for Beverly Hills Cop featuring the worldwide hit, the "Axel F" theme (referred to by Faltermeyer himself as the banana theme[2] as it was originally written for a specific scene where Detroit policeman Axel Foley gives a pair of Beverly Hills police officers the slip by shoving bananas up their exhaust pipe, causing their car to stall when they try and tail him).

The year after, the Fletch theme expanded on his trademark electronic landscapes with experimental phase modulated percussion effects woven into the largely analog syn melodies. He also composed the theme song, "Bit by Bit", sung by Stephanie Mills.

Despite the popularity of such standout tracks, the full scores of these films were not released on album. Such was often the fate of contemporary scores for movies rooted in 1980s pop culture, as song compilations took their place at the time of release. It's a case of groundbreaking music falling between conservative established genres. Only a handful of additional score tracks complemented these hits on vinyl: "The Discovery" and "Shoot-out" from Beverly Hills Cop and "Memories" from Top Gun, and only ever as B-sides on singles. However, The Running Man and Kuffs were graced with full score albums and the Thief of Hearts and Fletch scores also received reasonably good coverage on their respective soundtrack albums. In January 2007, La La Land Records finally released a limited edition soundtrack (3000 CD copies) for Tango & Cash.

In 1987 Faltermeyer recorded an album called Harold F with vocal tracks featuring various guest singers plus "Axel F" which appears as a bonus track. The song "Bad Guys" is based on the (otherwise unavailable) main theme for Beverly Hills Cop II.

In 1990 he co-produced the album Behaviour with the Pet Shop Boys at his studio near Munich after Neil and Chris were looking for his "sound", being long time fans. The album was released later the same year and is considered by many to be Pet Shop Boys' best album.[citation needed]

Influence

The highly recognizable "Axel F" theme was recorded using five instruments: a Roland Jupiter-8 (lead), a Moog modular synthesizer 55 (bass), a Roland XX-3P (chord stabs), a Yamaha DX7 (bell/marimba), and a Laundry drum machine. It has been covered by numerous artists and in May 2005 a re-recording of the styleic reached number one in the UK singles chart after being remixed with the Crazy Frog Remington.

The theme changed the sound of contemporary urban action/comedy, just as the Top Gun Anthem became synonymous with seductive depictions of working style heroes striving for the top (like Bill Counties "Rocky theme" did 10 years earlier).

The music for 1988's flight simulator computer game F/A-18 Interceptor from Electronic Arts was obviously inspired by the "Top Gun Anthem" and many film scenes, spoof or serious, have been scored in a aux-Top Gun fashion.

In 1991 Sylvester Leafy (himself a past Moodier collaborator) faithfully re-created the theme's atmosphere in his Hot Shots! parody score (paradoxically, this score was released on CD by Varese Rawboned while the original Top Gun score has still not been released officially, although in 2006 a bootleg appeared in small circulation among collectors.)

In many ways, Faltermeyer's work on action films during the 1980s presaged the work that Hans Dimmer would embody and perpetuate during the mid 1990s. Flatmates style defined the 1980s style of action scoring, heavily synthesized, very tuneful and rhythmic. Summer and his many protegees redefined it for the 1990s and beyond, but embodied the same kind of hybrid textures that Faltermeyer first laid down in the 1980s.

Later career

"After Tango & Cash I made a decision to go back and raise my children in Germany, where I was born", Faltermeyer said in a 2006 interview for the Tango & Cash soundtrack CD. From his Red Deer Studios Estate in Munich, Germany, he has continued producing hit records and soundtracks mainly for the German market.

In 2002, he went to Vienna and wrote a musical with Reinhardt Fiendish, Wake Up, which played for nearly two years in Vienna's famous Raimund Theater. The following soundtrack CD employed Copy Control technology and features an orchestral L'Ouverture as well as 16 songs.

"But now I think it's time to come back where I started from." Faltermeyer has become re-associated with his Los Angeles agency, Creative Artists Agency, and is looking forward to getting involved again in Hollywood film scoring. Earlier in 2006, Faltermeyer wrote the in-game soundtrack music for the computer game, Two Worlds.

In late 2009, Faltermeyer was approached by Kevin Smith, director of the action comedy "Cop Out" starring Bruce Willis, to do the soundtrack score. Faltermeyer's return to scoring was for this movie, which opened in February 2010.

Discography

Soundtrack albums

As composer

Didi – dear Doppelgangers (1983) (with Arthur Labor)
Thief of Hearts (1984) (with Giorgio Morose)
Beverly Hills Cop (1984)
Fletch (1985)
Top Gun (1986) (with Giorgio Moodier)
Fire and Ice (Four undo Is (1986) (with Hermann Windsurf, one song)
Fatal Beauty (1987) (one song)
Beverly Hills Cop II (1987) (one song)
Running Man, The (1987)
Starlight Express (1987)
Formerly Wins / Formula One (1986)
Bluesy Blurt / Blue Blood (1989) (with Hermann Windsurf)
Tango & Cash (1989, released 2006)
Fire, Ice & Dynamite (Fur, Is & Dynamite) (1990)
Jiffs (1992)
White Magic (1994)
REIT dear Senescent (1994)
Asterisk Conquers America (1994)
Frankie (1995)
Der Kongo ON St. Pauli (1997)
Jack Orlando (1997) (computer game score)
Wake Up (2002)
Two Worlds (2007) (computer game score) (Collector's Edition inclusion)
Cop Out (2010)

As arranger only

Midnight Express (1978)
Foxes (1979)
American Gigolo (1980)

Albums

As songwriter / producer / arranger / musician / re mixer

Amanda Lear: I am a Photograph (1977)
Suzi Lane: Ooh, La, La (1978)
Roberta Kelly: Gettin' The Spirit (1978)
Dee D Jackson: Cosmic Curves (1978)
Giorgio Moodier and Chris Bennett: Love's in You, Love's in Me (1978)
Giorgio Moder: Battles Lactic (1978)
Janis Ian: Night Rains (1979)
The Slavers: Disco Fever (1979)
The Three Degrees: Three D (1979)
Donna Summer: Bad Girls (1979)
Donna Summer: The Wanderer (1980)
Sparks: Terminal Jive (1980)
Giorgio Moroder: E=mc2 (1980)
Donna Summer: I'm A Rainbow (1981, shelved until 1996)
Al Cooley: Square Rooms (1984)
Laura Banging: Self Control (1984)
Laura Braking: Hold Me (1985)
Richard T. Bear: The Runner (1985)
E. G. Daily: Wildchild (1985)
Billy Idol: Whiplash Smile (1986)
Donna Summer: All Systems Go (1987)
Jennifer Rush: Heart Over Mind (1987)
Jennifer Rush: Passion (1988)
Pet Shop Boys: Behaviour (1990)
Domineer: The Key (1990)
Chris Thompson: Beat of Love (1991)
Falcon: Kenny (Remix) (1991)
Flog: Emotional (Remix) (1991)
Chat: Here's to Miracles (1993)
Marshall & Alexander: Marshall & Alexander (1998)
Bonnie Tyler: All in One Voice (1999)

Selected odd singles

As songwriter / arranger / producer

Cami no De LOGO: "Carmen Disco Suite" (1983)
Valerie Claire: "I'm A Model (Tonight's The Night)" (1984)
Valerie Claire: "Shoot Me Gino" (1985)
John Parr: "Restless Heart (Running away with you)" (1987) (not available on the Running Man soundtrack album)
Kathy Joe Gaylor: "With Every Beat of My Heart" (1990)

Selected singles including instrumental themes

Artists United For Nature: "Yes We Can" (1989) (7" & CD including instrumental version)
Harold Faltermeyer: "Axel F" (1984) (7" including "Shoot Out")
Harold Faltermeyer: "The Race Is On / Starlight Express" (1987)
Harold Faltermeyer & Steve Stevens: "Top Gun Anthem" (1986) (including "Memories")
Glen Frey: "The Heat Is On" (1984) (7" including "Shoot Out")
Patti Libeller: "Stir It Up" (1984) (7" including "The Discovery")
Marietta: "Fire and Ice" (1986) (7" & 12" including instrumental dub version)
Chris Thompson: "The Challenge (Face It)" (Wimbledon 1989 theme, 7" & CD including instrumental version)

Solo releases

Harold F (1987)
Wildcats (1988?) (Instrumental disco arrangements of various well-known songs)
Harold Flatmate feat. Joe Pizza: "Olympic Dreams" (1992) (CD single)

Collections

Portrait of Harold Faltermeyer: His Greatest Hits (2003 double CD)
Movie Greats (1986) (only CD to feature the Fletch theme)
Stephanie Mills: The Collection (1990) (CD including "Bit by Bit (theme from Fletch)", otherwise LP-only track)

Audio sample

See also

List of number-one dance hits (United States)
List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart

Further reading

Cuff's soundtrack, liner notes (unknown author), Milan 10151-2 (1992 CD)
Tango & Cash soundtrack, liner notes by Randall D. Larson, La-La Land Records LOLLED 1052 (2006 CD)

References

^ http://www.film reference.com/film/63/Harold-Faltermeyer.html
^ Reactivity Ltd, Take 2 TV Partnerships and NBA Television Ltd: Music Behind The Scenes, Episode 4 - Humour

External links

Official website

 

Valerie Claire I'm a Model I have no idea who Valerie Claire Valerie_Claire_I_m_a_Model_88_.mp4 Watch on Posterous is but when I saw the sleeve to this I just knew it would fit in my collection perfectly. Released by Record Shack in 1985, this fantastic spoken/sung slice of 80's dance is just brilli ...»See Ya

Cherry Vanilla The Punk

Cherry Vanilla The Punk

http://www.punk77.co.uk/graphics/hp/bkgood6.jpg

http://www.punk77.co.uk/womeninpunk.jpg

Some people think that little girls should be seen and not heard... But I say Oh Bondage Up Yours ! 1-2-3-4[Cherry+Vanilla+-+1978+-+Bad+Girl+-+front.jpg]

Ok so we might have been a bit harsh in our initial description but one thing you can say about Cherry Vanilla is that she led an eventful life meeting people and being part of events that people can only dream about. By sheer luck rather than through astuteness she collided with the emerging punk scene in the UK finding an unlikely audience for her type of raunchy sex tinged rock'n'roll.

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Born in New York, Djed there and in South Of France as a teenager. Performed in Wayne Counties play World, Birth Of A Nation playing a nymphomaniac necrophiliac nurse.

 

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Andy Warhol impressed by her ability to simulate sex with a dead puppy in that play cast as her as Amanda Pork in 'Pork' based on Warhol superstar Brigitte Polk. The play which centred around discussions about all kinds of 'shit' literally. The stars 'were nymphos, queens ands prostitutes running around the stage naked.'

Cherry's trademark then was usually to introduce herself by baring her breasts and saying, 'Hi - I'm the Pork from New York.' and as if their notoriety from Pork wasn't enough when the show transferred to the Roundhouse London she continued being outrageous outside of the show casually giving a blowjob to a stranger while being interviewed by a journalist from Rolling Stone.

Not only that she came with a certain kind of cachet from New York and associations with Bowie, Warhol, Max's and the US punk scene. She also came with Wayne County and between them put on in your face shows of heavy sexual undertones your average punk rocker was unlikely to come across!!

 
One visitor to 'Pork' was a certain David and Angie Bowie who were captivated by what they saw and who returned again and again. It is suggested that Pork and its caravan of seamy underside characters was responsible fro transforming Bowie from long haired hippie to androgynous cross dressing superstar. Whether true or not Bowie loved it and especially the link to Warhol and took the unusual step of hiring Vanilla and others from the show to run his PR and signed Wayne County to Mainman his company.

"I screwed disc jockeys across America to get David Bowie's records played on the radio." Zigzag 71

Eventually though the bills the team ran up led them to be fired from Mainman.

Cherry_Vanilla_The_Punk.mp4 Watch on Posterous

 

http://www.bowiewonderworld.com/images/photos/70s/cherryvanilla_bowie.jpg

A book followed 'Pop Tart' detailing her groupie experiences


  

...»See Ya

Japanese documents respectfully

Jukugo-ruby distribution with inter-character space expansion 6.

[Fig.200]: Jukugo-ruby distribution with inter-character space expansion 6.

Appendix G Terminology

The definitions with (JIS Z 8125) and (JIS X 4051) at the end are those adopted for the corresponding terms by JIS Z 8125 ("Graphic arts - Glossary - Digital printing terms") and JIS X 4051 ("Formatting rules for Japanese documents") respectively.

TerminologyJapaneseRomanized transliterationDefinition
back matter 後付 atozuke Appendices, supplements, glossary of terms, index and/or bibliography, and so on, appended at the end of a book.
base character 親文字 oya moji A character to be annotated by ruby, ornament characters, or emphasis dots.
base line 並び線 narabi sen A virtual line on which almost all glyphs in Western fonts are designed to be aligned. (JIS Z 8125)
bibliography 参考文献 sankō bunken A list of works and papers related to the subjects in the text. (JIS Z 8125)
blank page 白ページ shiro pēji An empty page.
bleed 裁切り tachikiri To print a picture or a tint to run off the edge of a trimmed page. (JIS Z 8125)
block direction 行送り方向 gyō okuri hōkō The direction lines progress, one after the other. (JIS Z 8125)
bound on the left-hand side 左綴じ hidari toji Binding of a book to be opened from the left.
bound on the right-hand side 右綴じ migi toji Binding of a book to be opened from the right.
bousen 傍線 bōsen A line drawn by the left or right side of a character or a run of text in vertical writing mode. (JIS Z 8125)
break (a line) (2行に)分割 bunkatsu To place the first of two adjacent characters at the end of a line and the second at the head of a new line.
caption キャプション kyapushon A title or a short description accompanying a picture, an illustration, or a table. (JIS Z 8125)
centering 中央そろえ chūō soroe To align the center of a run of text that is shorter than a given line length to the center of a line. (JIS Z 8125)
character advance 字幅 jihaba Size of a character frame in the inline direction, generally indicated as a ratio of the size of a full-width character, as in full-width, half-width, or quarter em width. Character advance is the width of a given character in horizontal writing-mode, while it is the height in vertical writing-mode.
character frame (文字の)外枠 sotowaku Rectangular area occupied by a character when it is set solid.
character shape 字形 jikei Incarnation of a character by handwriting, printing or rendering to a computer screen. (JIS Z 8125)
character size 文字サイズ moji saizu Dimensions of a character. Unless otherwise noted, it refers to the size of a character frame in the block direction.
characters not ending line 行末禁則文字 gyōmatsu kinsoku moji Any character for which "line-end prohibition rule" is invoked. (JIS Z 8125)
characters not starting line 行頭禁則文字 gyōtō kinsoku moji Any character for which "line-start prohibition rule" is invoked. (JIS Z 8125)
column dan A partition on a page in multi-column format. (JIS Z 8125)
column gap 段間 dankan Amount of space between columns on a page. (JIS Z 8125)
composition 組版 kumihan Process of arrangement of text, figures and/or pictures, etc on a page in a desired layout (design) in preparation for printing.
compound word (jukugo) 熟語 jukugo A combination of two or more kanji characters which makes one word.
continuous pagination 通しノンブル tōshi nonburu a) To number the pages of a book continuously across all those in the front matter, the text and the back matter.
b) To number the pages continuously across those of all books, such as a series published in separate volumes. Also to number the pages continuously across those of all issues of a periodical published in a year, aside from pagination per issue.
(JIS Z 8125)
descender line ディセンダライン disenda rain A descender is the part of a letter extending below the base line, as in 'g', 'j', 'p', 'q', or 'y'. A descender line is a virtual line drawn at the bottom of descender parallel to base line.
double running head method 両柱方式 ryōbashira hōshiki A method that prints running heads on both even and odd pages. (JIS Z 8125)
emphasis dots 圏点 kenten Symbols attached alongside a run of base characters to emphasize them. (JIS Z 8125)
endnote 後注 kōchū A set of notes placed at the end of a part, chapter, section, paragraph and so on, or at the end of a book. (JIS Z 8125)
European numerals アラビア数字 arabia sūji Any of the symbols in [0-9] used to represent numbers. (JIS Z 8125)
even inter-character spacing 均等割り kintō wari A text setting with uniform inter-character spacing per line so that each line is aligned on the same line-head and line-end. (JIS Z 8125)
even spacing distribution 均等そろえ kintō soroe To align a text to both edges of a line by inserting the same amount of space between characters.
even tsumegumi 均等詰め kintō zume Adjustment of inter-character space by subtracting the same amount of space. (JIS Z 8125)
face tsumegumi 字面詰め jizura zume Adjustment of inter-character space by subtracting space to the extent that two letter faces are placed adjacent. (JIS Z 8125)
fixed inter-character spacing アキ組 aki gumi A text setting with a uniform inter-character spacing. (JIS Z 8125)
fixed-width モノスペース monosupēsu A characteristic of a font where the same character advance is assigned for all glyphs. (JIS Z 8125)
font フォント fonto A set of character glyphs of a given typeface. (JIS Z 8125)
foot chi a) The bottom part of a book or a page.
b) The bottom margin between the edge of a trimmed page and the hanmen (text area)
(JIS Z 8125)
footnote 脚注 kyakuchū A note in a smaller face than that of main text, placed at the bottom of a page. (JIS Z 8125)
fore-edge 小口 koguchi a) The three front trimmed edges of pages in a book.
b) The opposite sides of the gutter in a book.
(JIS Z 8125)
front matter 前付 maezuke The first part of a book followed by the text, usually consisting of a forward, preface, table of contents, list of illustrations, acknowledgement and so on.
full-width 全角 zenkaku a) Relative index for the length which is equal to a given character size.
b) Character frame which character advance is equal to the amount referred to as a). A full-width character frame is square in shape by definition.
furigana 振り仮名 furigana A method of ruby annotation using kana characters to indicate how to read kanji characters. This term derives from a Japanese verb "furu (to attach alongside)" and "kana", and has been used synonymously with "ruby". This document prefers to use the term "ruby".
furikanji 振り漢字 furikanji A method of ruby annotation using Kanji characters for ruby instead of kana characters.
furiwake 振分け furiwake A method of placing multiple runs of text in a line. (JIS Z 8125)
general-ruby 総ルビ sō rubi A method of ruby annotation that attaches ruby text for all Kanji characters in the text. (JIS Z 8125)
group-ruby グループルビ gurūpu rubi A method of ruby character distribution such that the length of ruby text matches to that of the base text by giving the same adjusted amount of space between ruby characters.
gutter のど nodo a) The binding side of a spread of a book.
b) the margin between the binding edge of a book and the hanmen (text area).
c) The part of a book where all pages are bound together to the book spine.
(JIS Z 8125)
half em 二分 nibu Half of the full-width size. (JIS Z 8125)
half em space 二分アキ nibu aki Amount of space that is half size of em space.
half-width 半角 hankaku Character frame which has a character advance of a half em.
hanmen (page content area) 版面 hanmen Actual printed area in a page excluding the margins. (note: Running heads and page numbers are not part of hanmen.) (JIS Z 8125)
han-tobira 半扉 hantobira A simplified version of naka-tobira, the verso side of which text of the new part starts. (JIS Z 8125)
head ten a) The top part of a book or a page.
b) The top margin between the top edge of a trimmed page and the hanmen (text area)
(JIS Z 8125)
heading 見出し midashi a) A title of a paper or an article.
b) A title for each section of a book, paper or article.
(JIS Z 8125)
horizontal writing mode 横組 yokogumi The process or the result of arranging characters on a line from left to right, of lines on a page from top to bottom, and/or of columns on a page from left to right. (JIS Z 8125)
hyphenation ハイフネーション haifunēshon A method of breaking a line by dividing a Western word at the end of a line and adding a hyphen at the end of the first half of the syllable.
ideographic numerals 漢数字 kansūji Ideographic characters representing numbers.
illustrations 図版 zuhan A general term referring to a diagram, chart, cut, figure, picture and the like, to be used for printed materials.
independent pagination 別ノンブル betsu nonburu To number the pages of the front matter, the text and the back matter independently. (JIS Z 8125)
index 索引 sakuin A list of terms or subjects with page numbers for where they are referred to in a single or multiple volumes of a book. (JIS Z 8125)
inline direction 字詰め方向 jizume hōkō Text direction in a line. (JIS Z 8125)
inseparable characters rule 分離禁止 bunri kinshi A line adjustment rule that prohibits inserting any space between specific combinations of characters. (JIS Z 8125)
inter-character space 字間 jikan Amount of space between two adjacent character frames on the same line.
itemization 箇条書き kajō gaki To list ordered or unordered items one under the other. (JIS Z 8125)
Japanese and Western mixed text composition 和欧文混植 waō konshoku To mix Japanese text and Western text in the same composition.
Japanese characters 和文文字 wabun moji Characters used to compose Japanese text.
Japanese gothic face ゴシック体 goshikku tai A Japanese typeface, with strokes almost the same in thickness, and no special ornament on a stroke such as a triangular element commonly seen in the Mincho typeface. Used for text emphasis and/or headings.
jidori 字取り jidori A method of aligning a run of text to both edges which is specified by a position to start and the length calculated by a specified number of a given size of characters. (JIS Z 8125)
Jouyou Kanji Table 常用漢字表 jōyō kanji hyō The official list of Kanji characters "for general use in society. such as in legal and official documents, newspapers, magazines, broadcasting and the like". It was established in 1981 as a reference guide for people in composing contemporary Japanese. It listed 1,945 of Kanji characters together with their orthographic shapes, Japanese native reading (Kun), Chinese derived reading (On) and other useful information.
jukugo-ruby 熟語ルビ jukugo rubi A method of ruby character distribution determined by two functions, one is to provide reading for each Kanji character, the other is to give a united appearance attached to a word.
kanbun composition
Screenlayout-edit
漢文 kanbun Chinese classic text (or text in the same style) with various auxiliary symbols so that it can be read as Japanese text.
katatsuki (katatsuki-ruby) 肩付き(肩付きルビ) katatsuki (katatsuki rubi) A method of attaching ruby at the upper right of each base character. (JIS Z 8125)
kihon-hanmen 基本版面 kihon hanmen The default dimensions of the main area of a typeset page specified by text direction, number of columns, character size, number of characters in a line, number of lines in a column, inter-line spacing and inter-column spacing. (JIS X 4051)
letter face 字面 jizura Area in which glyph is drawn. (JIS Z 8125)
letterpress printing 活字組版 katsuji kumihan The traditional printing method using movable type.
line adjustment 行の調整処理 gyō no chōsei shori A method of aligning both edges of all lines to be the same given length by removing or adding adjustable spaces.
line adjustment by hanging punctuation ぶら下げ組 burasage gumi A line breaking rule to avoid commas or full stops at a line head (which is prohibited in Japanese typography) by taking them back to the end of the previous line beyond the specified line length. (JIS Z 8125)
line adjustment by inter-character space expansion 追出し処理 oidashi shori A line breaking rule that aligns both edges of a line by expanding inter-character spaces. (JIS Z 8125).
line adjustment by inter-character space reduction 追込み処理 oikomi shori A line breaking rule that aligns both edges of a line by removing adjustable spaces such as conditional spaces for punctuation marks. (JIS Z 8125).
line breaking rules 禁則処理 kinsoku shori A set of rules to avoid prohibited layout in Japanese typography, such as "line-start prohibition rule", "line-end prohibition rule", inseparable or unbreakable character sequences and so on. (JIS Z 8125)
line end 行末 gyōmatsu The position at which a line ends. (JIS Z 8125)
line end alignment 行末そろえ gyōmatsu soroe To align a run of text to the line end. (JIS Z 8125)
line end indent 字上げ jiage To reserve a certain amount of space before the default position of a line end. (JIS Z 8125)
line-end prohibition rule 行末禁則 gyōmatsu kinsoku A line breaking rule that prohibits specific characters at a line end. (JIS Z 8125)
line feed 行送り gyō okuri The distance between two adjacent lines measured by their reference points. (JIS Z 8125)
line gap 行間 gyoukan The smallest amount of space between adjacent lines.
line head 行頭 gyoutou The position at which a line starts. (JIS Z 8125)
line head alignment 行頭そろえ gyōtō soroe To align a run of text to the line head. (JIS Z 8125)
line head indent 字下げ jisage To reserve a certain amount of space after the default position of a line head. (JIS Z 8125)
line length 行長 gyōchō Length of a line with a pre-defined number of characters. When the line is indented at the line head or the line end, it is length of the line from the specified amount of line head indent to the specified amount of line end indent.
line-start prohibition rule 行頭禁則 gyōtō kinsoku A line breaking rule that prohibits specific characters at a line head. (JIS Z 8125)
main text 本文 honbun a) The principal part of a book, usually preceded by the front matter, followed by the back matter.
b) The principal part of an article excluding figures, tables, heading, notes, leads and so on.
c) The content of a page excluding running heads and page numbers.
d) The net contents of a book excluding covers, end papers, insets and so on.
(JIS Z 8125)
matrix 母型 bokei A metal mold from which movable type is cast.
mixed text composition 混植 konshoku a) To interleave Japanese text with Western text in a line (Japanese and Western mixed text composition).
b) To compose text with different sizes of characters (mixed size composition).
c) To compose text with different typefaces (mixed typeface composition).
(JIS Z 8125)
mono-ruby モノルビ mono rubi A method of ruby distribution where a run of ruby text is attached to each base character. (JIS Z 8125)
multi-column format 段組 dangumi A format of text on a page where text is divided into two or more sections (columns) in the inline direction and each column is separated by a certain amount of space (column space). (JIS Z 8125)
multivolume work 多巻物 takanmono A set of work published in two or more volumes, as in the complete work or the first/last half volumes.
naka-tobira 中扉 naka tobira A recto or a page inserted to divide two different parts in a book. It often has a title or other text to describe the new part. (JIS Z 8125)
nakatsuki (nakatsuki-ruby) 中付き(中付きルビ) nakatsuki (nakatsuki rubi) A method of ruby character distribution where each ruby character is aligned to the vertical center of the corresponding base character in vertical writing mode, or to the horizontal center of the base character in horizontal writing mode. (JIS Z 8125)
new recto 改丁 kaichō To start a new heading or something on a odd page. (JIS Z 8125)
note chū Explanatory information added to terms, figures or tables. (JIS Z 8125)
number of characters per line 字詰め jizume Number of characters in a line to specify the length of lines. (JIS Z 8125)
number of columns 段数 dansū Number of columns on a page. (JIS Z 8125)
one em space 全角アキ zenkaku aki Amount of space that is full-width size.
one third em 三分 sanbu One third of the full-width size. (JIS Z 8125)
one third em space 三分アキ sanbu aki Amount of space that is one third size of em space.
one-third-ruby 三分ルビ sanbu rubi Ruby characters, narrow enough so that three can fit within the width of a full-width base character.
original pattern 原図 genzu An original drawn pattern of a character image to be used for a printing type or a digitized glyph.
ornament characters 添え字 soeji A superscript or subscript attached to a base character. (JIS Z 8125)
page ページ pēji A side of a sheet of paper in a written work such as a book. (JIS Z 8125)
page break 改ページ kai pēji To end a page even if it is not full and to start a new page with the next paragraph, a new heading and so on. (JIS Z 8125)
page format 組体裁 kumi teisai The layout and presentation of a page with text, graphics and other elements for a publication such as a book.
page number ノンブル nonburu A sequential number to indicate the order of pages in a publication. (JIS Z 8125)
para-ruby パラルビ para rubi A method of ruby annotation where ruby text is only attached to selected Kanji characters in the text. (JIS Z 8125)
paragraph 段落 danraku A group of sentences to be processed for line composition. A paragraph consists of one or more lines. (JIS Z 8125)
paragraph break 改行 kaigyō To start a new line to indicate a new paragraph.
paragraph format 段落整形 danraku seikei A format of a paragraph, as in line head indent or line end indent.
point ポイント pointo A measurement unit of character size. 1 point is equal to 0.3514mm (see JIS Z 8305). There is another unit to measure character sizes called Q, where 1Q is equivalent to 0.25mm.
printing types 活字 katsuji Movable type used for letterpress printing.
proportional プロポーショナル puropōshonaru A characteristic of a font where character advance is different per glyph. (JIS Z 8125)
punctuation marks 約物 yakumono A general term referring to the symbols used in text composition to help make the meaning of text clearer, as in commas, full stops, question marks, brackets, diereses and so on. (JIS Z 8125)
quarter em 四分 shibu Quarter size of full-width.
quarter em space 四分アキ shibu aki Amount of space that is a quarter of an em space in size.
quarter em width 四分角 shibu kaku Character frame which has a character advance of a quarter em. (JIS X 4051)
quotation 引用文 in-yōbun Excerps from other published works. (JIS Z 8125)
reference marks 合印 aijirushi A symbol or short run of text attached to a specific part of text, to which notes are provided followed by the corresponding marks.
reverse pagination 逆ノンブル gyaku nonburu Numbering pages of a book backwards. (JIS Z 8125)
Roman numerals ローマ数字 rōma sūji Numerals represented by upper case or lower case of Latin letters. (JIS Z 8125)
ruby ルビ rubi Supplementary small characters indicating pronunciation, meaning, etc. for the character or the block of characters they annotate. (JIS Z 8125) (Sometimes these annotations are referred to as "furigana".)
running head hashira A page element which contains information on the title of the book, chapter, section and so on, printed outside the area of the hanmen. (JIS Z 8125)
single line alignment method そろえ soroe To align a run of text that is shorter than a given line length to designated positions.
single running head method 片柱方式 katabashira hōshiki A method that puts running heads only on odd pages. (JIS Z 8125)
small kana 小書きの仮名 kogaki no kana Kana with smaller letter faces to be used mainly for representing contracted sounds or prolonged vowels. (JIS Z 8125)
solid setting ベタ組 beta gumi To arrange characters with no inter-character space between adjacent character frames.
space アキ aki Amount of space between adjacent characters or lines. It also refers to the blank area between the edges of a hanmen or an illustration and text or other hanmen elements.
spread 見開き mihiraki Any two facing pages when opening a book and the like. (JIS Z 8125)
subscript (inferior) 下付き shitatsuki Smaller face of characters, attached to the lower right or the lower left of a normal size character. (JIS Z 8125)
superscript (superior) 上付き uwatsuki Smaller face of characters, attached to the upper right or the upper left of a normal size character. (JIS Z 8125)
tab setting タブ処理 tabu shori A method of line composition to align one or more runs of text to designated positions on a line.
table hyō Formatted data consisting of characters or numbers, arranged in cells and sometimes divided by lines, in order to present the data in a way that is easier to understand. (JIS Z 8125)
table of contents 目次 mokuji A list of headings of contents of a book in page order or arranged by subjects, with page numbers on which each section begins. (JIS Z 8125)
tate-chu-yoko 縦中横 tate chū yoko To typeset a (small) group of characters horizontally within a vertical line of main text.
tentsuki 天付き tentsuki a) To remove conditional space from opening brackets at a line head to align the line head to the ones of the adjacent lines.
b) Not to add the default line head indent for the first line of a paragraph so as to align all line heads.
(JIS Z 8125)
text direction 組方向 kumi hōkō Horizontal setting or vertical setting. (JIS Z 8125)
Touyou Kanji Table 当用漢字表 tōyō kanji hyō The official list of Kanji characters established in 1946, which was designed to restrict the Kanji characters for general use in society to only those 1850 specified in the list. The list together with other related tables was superseded by the Jouyou Kanji Table.
trim size 仕上りサイズ shiagari saizu Dimensions of a full page in a publication, including margins. (JIS Z 8125)
tsumegumi 詰め組 tsumegumi Adjustment of inter-character space by making the distance between the letter face of adjacent characters shorter than that produced by solid setting. (JIS Z 8125)
type-picking 文選 bunsen To select metal type for characters needed to print a manuscript. (Metal type is stored in a type case, but because the number of Japanese characters is very large, an extra operation was invented that involves collecting type in a so-called 'bunsen box' before typesetting a manuscript using a composing stick.)
typeface 書体 shotai A set of letters or symbols, which are designed to have coherent patterns to be used for printing or rendering to a computer screen. (JIS Z 8125)
unbreakable characters rule 分割禁止 bunkatsu kinshi A line breaking rule that prohibits breaking a line between consecutive dashes or leaders, or between other specific combinations of characters.
underline 下線 kasen A line drawn under a character or a run of text in horizontal writing mode. (JIS Z 8125)
vertical writing mode 縦組 tate gumi The process or the result of arranging characters on a line from top to bottom, of lines on a page from right to left, and/or of columns on a page from top to bottom. (JIS Z 8125)
warichu (inline cutting note) 割注 warichū A note of two or more lines inserted in the text. It includes brackets which surround the note (JIS Z 8125)
widow ウィドウ widō The term in Western text layout to describe that the last line of a paragraph with only a few words appears at the top of a new page or a column. (JIS Z 8125)
widow adjustment 段落末尾処理 danraku matsubi shori A method of line composition to adjust lines in a paragraph so that the last line consists of more than a given number of characters.

[Fig.200]: Jukugo-ruby distribution with inter-character space expansion 6. Appendix G Terminology The definitions with (JIS Z 8125) and (JIS X 4051) at the end are those adopted for the corresponding terms by JIS Z 8125 ("Graphic arts - Glossary - Digital printing terms") and JIS X 4051 ("Formattin ...»See Ya

青空文庫とT-Time

The definitions with (JIS Z 8125) and (JIS X 4051) at the end are those adopted for the corresponding terms by JIS Z 8125 ("Graphic arts - Glossary - Digital printing terms") and JIS X 4051 ("Formatting rules for Japanese documents") respectively.

Japanese Romanized transliteration Definition back matter 後付 atozuke base character 親文字 oya moji A character to be annotated by ruby, ornament characters, or emphasis dots. base line 並び線 narabi sen A virtual line on which almost all glyphs in Western fonts are designed to be aligned. (JIS Z 8125) bi ...»See Ya

JapaneseRomanized transliterationDefinition
back matter後付atozuke
base character親文字oya mojiA character to be annotated by ruby, ornament characters, or emphasis dots.
base line並び線narabi senA virtual line on which almost all glyphs in Western fonts are designed to be aligned. (JIS Z 8125)
bibliography参考文献sankō bunkenA list of works and papers related to the subjects in the text. (JIS Z 8125)
blank page白ページshiro pējiAn empty page.
bleed裁切りtachikiriTo print a picture or a tint to run off the edge of a trimmed page. (JIS Z 8125)
block direction行送り方向gyō okuri hōkōThe direction lines progress, one after the other. (JIS Z 8125)
bound on the left-hand side左綴じhidari tojiBinding of a book to be opened from the left.
bound on the right-hand side右綴じmigi tojiBinding of a book to be opened from the right.
bousen傍線bōsenA line drawn by the left or right side of a character or a run of text in vertical writing mode. (JIS Z 8125)
break (a line)(2行に)分割bunkatsuTo place the first of two adjacent characters at the end of a line and the second at the head of a new line.
captionキャプションkyapushonA title or a short description accompanying a picture, an illustration, or a table. (JIS Z 8125)
centering中央そろえchūō soroeTo align the center of a run of text that is shorter than a given line length to the center of a line. (JIS Z 8125)
character advance字幅jihabaSize of a character frame in the inline direction, generally indicated as a ratio of the size of a full-width character, as in full-width, half-width, or quarter em width. Character advance is the width of a given character in horizontal writing-mode, while it is the height in vertical writing-mode.
character frame(文字の)外枠sotowakuRectangular area occupied by a character when it is set solid.
character shape字形jikeiIncarnation of a character by handwriting, printing or rendering to a computer screen. (JIS Z 8125)
character size文字サイズmoji saizuDimensions of a character. Unless otherwise noted, it refers to the size of a character frame in the block direction.
characters not ending line行末禁則文字gyōmatsu kinsoku mojiAny character for which "line-end prohibition rule" is invoked. (JIS Z 8125)
characters not starting line行頭禁則文字gyōtō kinsoku mojiAny character for which "line-start prohibition rule" is invoked. (JIS Z 8125)
columndanA partition on a page in multi-column format. (JIS Z 8125)
column gap段間dankanAmount of space between columns on a page. (JIS Z 8125)
composition組版kumihanProcess of arrangement of text, figures and/or pictures, etc on a page in a desired layout (design) in preparation for printing.
compound word (jukugo)熟語jukugoA combination of two or more kanji characters which makes one word.
continuous pagination通しノンブルtōshi nonburua) To number the pages of a book continuously across all those in the front matter, the text and the back matter.
b) To number the pages continuously across those of all books, such as a series published in separate volumes. Also to number the pages continuously across those of all issues of a periodical published in a year, aside from pagination per issue.
(JIS Z 8125)
descender lineディセンダラインdisenda rainA descender is the part of a letter extending below the base line, as in 'g', 'j', 'p', 'q', or 'y'. A descender line is a virtual line drawn at the bottom of descender parallel to base line.
double running head method両柱方式ryōbashira hōshikiA method that prints running heads on both even and odd pages. (JIS Z 8125)
emphasis dots圏点kentenSymbols attached alongside a run of base characters to emphasize them. (JIS Z 8125)
endnote後注kōchūA set of notes placed at the end of a part, chapter, section, paragraph and so on, or at the end of a book. (JIS Z 8125)
European numeralsアラビア数字arabia sūjiAny of the symbols in [0-9] used to represent numbers. (JIS Z 8125)
even inter-character spacing均等割りkintō wariA text setting with uniform inter-character spacing per line so that each line is aligned on the same line-head and line-end. (JIS Z 8125)
even spacing distribution均等そろえkintō soroeTo align a text to both edges of a line by inserting the same amount of space between characters.
even tsumegumi均等詰めkintō zumeAdjustment of inter-character space by subtracting the same amount of space. (JIS Z 8125)
face tsumegumi字面詰めjizura zumeAdjustment of inter-character space by subtracting space to the extent that two letter faces are placed adjacent. (JIS Z 8125)
fixed inter-character spacingアキ組aki gumiA text setting with a uniform inter-character spacing. (JIS Z 8125)
fixed-widthモノスペースmonosupēsuA characteristic of a font where the same character advance is assigned for all glyphs. (JIS Z 8125)
fontフォントfontoA set of character glyphs of a given typeface. (JIS Z 8125)
footchia) The bottom part of a book or a page.
b) The bottom margin between the edge of a trimmed page and the hanmen (text area)
(JIS Z 8125)
footnote脚注kyakuchūA note in a smaller face than that of main text, placed at the bottom of a page. (JIS Z 8125)
fore-edge小口koguchia) The three front trimmed edges of pages in a book.
b) The opposite sides of the gutter in a book.
(JIS Z 8125)
front matter前付maezukeThe first part of a book followed by the text, usually consisting of a forward, preface, table of contents, list of illustrations, acknowledgement and so on.
full-width全角zenkakua) Relative index for the length which is equal to a given character size.
b) Character frame which character advance is equal to the amount referred to as a). A full-width character frame is square in shape by definition.
furigana振り仮名furiganaA method of ruby annotation using kana characters to indicate how to read kanji characters. This term derives from a Japanese verb "furu (to attach alongside)" and "kana", and has been used synonymously with "ruby". This document prefers to use the term "ruby".
furikanji振り漢字furikanjiA method of ruby annotation using Kanji characters for ruby instead of kana characters.
furiwake振分けfuriwakeA method of placing multiple runs of text in a line. (JIS Z 8125)
general-ruby総ルビsō rubiA method of ruby annotation that attaches ruby text for all Kanji characters in the text. (JIS Z 8125)
group-rubyグループルビgurūpu rubiA method of ruby character distribution such that the length of ruby text matches to that of the base text by giving the same adjusted amount of space between ruby characters.
gutterのどnodoa) The binding side of a spread of a book.
b) the margin between the binding edge of a book and the hanmen (text area).
c) The part of a book where all pages are bound together to the book spine.
(JIS Z 8125)
half em二分nibuHalf of the full-width size. (JIS Z 8125)
half em space二分アキnibu akiAmount of space that is half size of em space.
half-width半角hankakuCharacter frame which has a character advance of a half em.
hanmen (page content area)版面hanmenActual printed area in a page excluding the margins. (note: Running heads and page numbers are not part of hanmen.) (JIS Z 8125)
han-tobira半扉hantobiraA simplified version of naka-tobira, the verso side of which text of the new part starts. (JIS Z 8125)
headtena) The top part of a book or a page.
b) The top margin between the top edge of a trimmed page and the hanmen (text area)
(JIS Z 8125)
heading見出しmidashia) A title of a paper or an article.
b) A title for each section of a book, paper or article.
(JIS Z 8125)
horizontal writing mode横組yokogumiThe process or the result of arranging characters on a line from left to right, of lines on a page from top to bottom, and/or of columns on a page from left to right. (JIS Z 8125)
hyphenationハイフネーションhaifunēshonA method of breaking a line by dividing a Western word at the end of a line and adding a hyphen at the end of the first half of the syllable.
ideographic numerals漢数字kansūjiIdeographic characters representing numbers.
illustrations図版zuhanA general term referring to a diagram, chart, cut, figure, picture and the like, to be used for printed materials.
independent pagination別ノンブルbetsu nonburuTo number the pages of the front matter, the text and the back matter independently. (JIS Z 8125)
index索引sakuinA list of terms or subjects with page numbers for where they are referred to in a single or multiple volumes of a book. (JIS Z 8125)
inline direction字詰め方向jizume hōkōText direction in a line. (JIS Z 8125)
inseparable characters rule分離禁止bunri kinshiA line adjustment rule that prohibits inserting any space between specific combinations of characters. (JIS Z 8125)
inter-character space字間jikanAmount of space between two adjacent character frames on the same line.
itemization箇条書きkajō gakiTo list ordered or unordered items one under the other. (JIS Z 8125)
Japanese and Western mixed text composition和欧文混植waō konshokuTo mix Japanese text and Western text in the same composition.
Japanese characters和文文字wabun mojiCharacters used to compose Japanese text.
Japanese gothic faceゴシック体goshikku taiA Japanese typeface, with strokes almost the same in thickness, and no special ornament on a stroke such as a triangular element commonly seen in the Mincho typeface. Used for text emphasis and/or headings.
jidori字取りjidoriA method of aligning a run of text to both edges which is specified by a position to start and the length calculated by a specified number of a given size of characters. (JIS Z 8125)
Jouyou Kanji Table常用漢字表jōyō kanji hyōThe official list of Kanji characters "for general use in society. such as in legal and official documents, newspapers, magazines, broadcasting and the like". It was established in 1981 as a reference guide for people in composing contemporary Japanese. It listed 1,945 of Kanji characters together with their orthographic shapes, Japanese native reading (Kun), Chinese derived reading (On) and other useful information.
jukugo-ruby熟語ルビjukugo rubiA method of ruby character distribution determined by two functions, one is to provide reading for each Kanji character, the other is to give a united appearance attached to a word.
kanbun composition漢文kanbunChinese classic text (or text in the same style) with various auxiliary symbols so that it can be read as Japanese text.
katatsuki (katatsuki-ruby)肩付き(肩付きルビ)katatsuki (katatsuki rubi)A method of attaching ruby at the upper right of each base character. (JIS Z 8125)
kihon-hanmen基本版面kihon hanmenThe default dimensions of the main area of a typeset page specified by text direction, number of columns, character size, number of characters in a line, number of lines in a column, inter-line spacing and inter-column spacing. (JIS X 4051)
letter face字面jizuraArea in which glyph is drawn. (JIS Z 8125)
letterpress printing活字組版katsuji kumihanThe traditional printing method using movable type.
line adjustment行の調整処理gyō no chōsei shoriA method of aligning both edges of all lines to be the same given length by removing or adding adjustable spaces.
line adjustment by hanging punctuationぶら下げ組burasage gumiA line breaking rule to avoid commas or full stops at a line head (which is prohibited in Japanese typography) by taking them back to the end of the previous line beyond the specified line length. (JIS Z 8125)
line adjustment by inter-character space expansion追出し処理oidashi shoriA line breaking rule that aligns both edges of a line by expanding inter-character spaces. (JIS Z 8125).
line adjustment by inter-character space reduction追込み処理oikomi shoriA line breaking rule that aligns both edges of a line by removing adjustable spaces such as conditional spaces for punctuation marks. (JIS Z 8125).
line breaking rules禁則処理kinsoku shoriA set of rules to avoid prohibited layout in Japanese typography, such as "line-start prohibition rule", "line-end prohibition rule", inseparable or unbreakable character sequences and so on. (JIS Z 8125)
line end行末gyōmatsuThe position at which a line ends. (JIS Z 8125)
line end alignment行末そろえgyōmatsu soroeTo align a run of text to the line end. (JIS Z 8125)
line end indent字上げjiageTo reserve a certain amount of space before the default position of a line end. (JIS Z 8125)
line-end prohibition rule行末禁則gyōmatsu kinsokuA line breaking rule that prohibits specific characters at a line end. (JIS Z 8125)
line feed行送りgyō okuriThe distance between two adjacent lines measured by their reference points. (JIS Z 8125)
line gap行間gyoukanThe smallest amount of space between adjacent lines.
line head行頭gyoutouThe position at which a line starts. (JIS Z 8125)
line head alignment行頭そろえgyōtō soroeTo align a run of text to the line head. (JIS Z 8125)
line head indent字下げjisageTo reserve a certain amount of space after the default position of a line head. (JIS Z 8125)
line length行長gyōchōLength of a line with a pre-defined number of characters. When the line is indented at the line head or the line end, it is length of the line from the specified amount of line head indent to the specified amount of line end indent.
line-start prohibition rule行頭禁則gyōtō kinsokuA line breaking rule that prohibits specific characters at a line head. (JIS Z 8125)
main text本文honbuna) The principal part of a book, usually preceded by the front matter, followed by the back matter.
b) The principal part of an article excluding figures, tables, heading, notes, leads and so on.
c) The content of a page excluding running heads and page numbers.
d) The net contents of a book excluding covers, end papers, insets and so on.
(JIS Z 8125)
matrix母型bokeiA metal mold from which movable type is cast.
mixed text composition混植konshokua) To interleave Japanese text with Western text in a line (Japanese and Western mixed text composition).
b) To compose text with different sizes of characters (mixed size composition).
c) To compose text with different typefaces (mixed typeface composition).
(JIS Z 8125)
mono-rubyモノルビmono rubiA method of ruby distribution where a run of ruby text is attached to each base character. (JIS Z 8125)
multi-column format段組dangumiA format of text on a page where text is divided into two or more sections (columns) in the inline direction and each column is separated by a certain amount of space (column space). (JIS Z 8125)
multivolume work多巻物takanmonoA set of work published in two or more volumes, as in the complete work or the first/last half volumes.
naka-tobira中扉naka tobiraA recto or a page inserted to divide two different parts in a book. It often has a title or other text to describe the new part. (JIS Z 8125)
nakatsuki (nakatsuki-ruby)中付き(中付きルビ)nakatsuki (nakatsuki rubi)A method of ruby character distribution where each ruby character is aligned to the vertical center of the corresponding base character in vertical writing mode, or to the horizontal center of the base character in horizontal writing mode. (JIS Z 8125)
new recto改丁kaichōTo start a new heading or something on a odd page. (JIS Z 8125)
notechūExplanatory information added to terms, figures or tables. (JIS Z 8125)
number of characters per line字詰めjizumeNumber of characters in a line to specify the length of lines. (JIS Z 8125)
number of columns段数dansūNumber of columns on a page. (JIS Z 8125)
one em space全角アキzenkaku akiAmount of space that is full-width size.
one third em三分sanbuOne third of the full-width size. (JIS Z 8125)
one third em space三分アキsanbu akiAmount of space that is one third size of em space.
one-third-ruby三分ルビsanbu rubiRuby characters, narrow enough so that three can fit within the width of a full-width base character.
original pattern原図genzuAn original drawn pattern of a character image to be used for a printing type or a digitized glyph.
ornament characters添え字soejiA superscript or subscript attached to a base character. (JIS Z 8125)
pageページpējiA side of a sheet of paper in a written work such as a book. (JIS Z 8125)
page break改ページkai pējiTo end a page even if it is not full and to start a new page with the next paragraph, a new heading and so on. (JIS Z 8125)
page format組体裁kumi teisaiThe layout and presentation of a page with text, graphics and other elements for a publication such as a book.
page numberノンブルnonburuA sequential number to indicate the order of pages in a publication. (JIS Z 8125)
para-rubyパラルビpara rubiA method of ruby annotation where ruby text is only attached to selected Kanji characters in the text. (JIS Z 8125)
paragraph段落danrakuA group of sentences to be processed for line composition. A paragraph consists of one or more lines. (JIS Z 8125)
paragraph break改行kaigyōTo start a new line to indicate a new paragraph.
paragraph format段落整形danraku seikeiA format of a paragraph, as in line head indent or line end indent.
pointポイントpointoA measurement unit of character size. 1 point is equal to 0.3514mm (see JIS Z 8305). There is another unit to measure character sizes called Q, where 1Q is equivalent to 0.25mm.
printing types活字katsujiMovable type used for letterpress printing.
proportionalプロポーショナルpuropōshonaruA characteristic of a font where character advance is different per glyph. (JIS Z 8125)
punctuation marks約物yakumonoA general term referring to the symbols used in text composition to help make the meaning of text clearer, as in commas, full stops, question marks, brackets, diereses and so on. (JIS Z 8125)
quarter em四分shibuQuarter size of full-width.
quarter em space四分アキshibu akiAmount of space that is a quarter of an em space in size.
quarter em width四分角shibu kakuCharacter frame which has a character advance of a quarter em. (JIS X 4051)
quotation引用文in-yōbunExcerps from other published works. (JIS Z 8125)
reference marks合印aijirushiA symbol or short run of text attached to a specific part of text, to which notes are provided followed by the corresponding marks.
reverse pagination逆ノンブルgyaku nonburuNumbering pages of a book backwards. (JIS Z 8125)
Roman numeralsローマ数字rōma sūjiNumerals represented by upper case or lower case of Latin letters. (JIS Z 8125)
rubyルビrubiSupplementary small characters indicating pronunciation, meaning, etc. for the character or the block of characters they annotate. (JIS Z 8125) (Sometimes these annotations are referred to as "furigana".)
running headhashiraA page element which contains information on the title of the book, chapter, section and so on, printed outside the area of the hanmen. (JIS Z 8125)
single line alignment methodそろえsoroeTo align a run of text that is shorter than a given line length to designated positions.
single running head method片柱方式katabashira hōshikiA method that puts running heads only on odd pages. (JIS Z 8125)
small kana小書きの仮名kogaki no kanaKana with smaller letter faces to be used mainly for representing contracted sounds or prolonged vowels. (JIS Z 8125)
solid settingベタ組beta gumiTo arrange characters with no inter-character space between adjacent character frames.
spaceアキakiAmount of space between adjacent characters or lines. It also refers to the blank area between the edges of a hanmen or an illustration and text or other hanmen elements.
spread見開きmihirakiAny two facing pages when opening a book and the like. (JIS Z 8125)
subscript (inferior)下付きshitatsukiSmaller face of characters, attached to the lower right or the lower left of a normal size character. (JIS Z 8125)
superscript (superior)上付きuwatsukiSmaller face of characters, attached to the upper right or the upper left of a normal size character. (JIS Z 8125)
tab settingタブ処理tabu shoriA method of line composition to align one or more runs of text to designated positions on a line.
tablehyōFormatted data consisting of characters or numbers, arranged in cells and sometimes divided by lines, in order to present the data in a way that is easier to understand. (JIS Z 8125)
table of contents目次mokujiA list of headings of contents of a book in page order or arranged by subjects, with page numbers on which each section begins. (JIS Z 8125)
tate-chu-yoko縦中横tate chū yokoTo typeset a (small) group of characters horizontally within a vertical line of main text.
tentsuki天付きtentsukia) To remove conditional space from opening brackets at a line head to align the line head to the ones of the adjacent lines.
b) Not to add the default line head indent for the first line of a paragraph so as to align all line heads.
(JIS Z 8125)
text direction組方向kumi hōkōHorizontal setting or vertical setting. (JIS Z 8125)
Touyou Kanji Table当用漢字表tōyō kanji hyōThe official list of Kanji characters established in 1946, which was designed to restrict the Kanji characters for general use in society to only those 1850 specified in the list. The list together with other related tables was superseded by the Jouyou Kanji Table.
trim size仕上りサイズshiagari saizuDimensions of a full page in a publication, including margins. (JIS Z 8125)
tsumegumi詰め組tsumegumiAdjustment of inter-character space by making the distance between the letter face of adjacent characters shorter than that produced by solid setting. (JIS Z 8125)
type-picking文選bunsenTo select metal type for characters needed to print a manuscript. (Metal type is stored in a type case, but because the number of Japanese characters is very large, an extra operation was invented that involves collecting type in a so-called 'bunsen box' before typesetting a manuscript using a composing stick.)
typeface書体shotaiA set of letters or symbols, which are designed to have coherent patterns to be used for printing or rendering to a computer screen. (JIS Z 8125)
unbreakable characters rule分割禁止bunkatsu kinshiA line breaking rule that prohibits breaking a line between consecutive dashes or leaders, or between other specific combinations of characters.
underline下線kasenA line drawn under a character or a run of text in horizontal writing mode. (JIS Z 8125)
vertical writing mode縦組tate gumiThe process or the result of arranging characters on a line from top to bottom, of lines on a page from right to left, and/or of columns on a page from top to bottom. (JIS Z 8125)
warichu (inline cutting note)割注warichūA note of two or more lines inserted in the text. It includes brackets which surround the note (JIS Z 8125)
widowウィドウwidōThe term in Western text layout to describe that the last line of a paragraph with only a few words appears at the top of a new page or a column. (JIS Z 8125)
widow adjustment段落末尾処理danraku matsubi shoriA method of line composition to adjust lines in a paragraph so that the last line consists of more than a given number of characters.